Guillotine, Alat Eksekusi Hukuman Mati Pada Masa Revolusi Prancis

Guillotine adalah sebuah alat untuk membunuh seseorang yang telah divonis hukuman mati dengan cepat dan 'manusiawi'.

Guillotine menjadi terkenal pada Revolusi Perancis, tetapi sebenarnya sebelumnya sudah ada alat seperti ini. Guillotine dinamakan berdasarkan nama Joseph Ignace Guillotin (1738 - 1814), yang menyarankan supaya memakai alat ini sebagai alat eksekusi. Ironisnya ia sendiri sebenarnya tidak setuju dengan hukuman mati. Ia berharap bahwa alatnya akan menghapuskan hukuman mati.

Spoiler:

Pada Revolusi Perancis, dibutuhkan sebuah alat yang mampu mengeksusi para terdakwa secara cepat. Guillotine ini mencukupi persyaratan ini, maka di setiap desa di Perancis, alat ini ditempatkan di setiap pasar.

Pada tanggal 25 April 1792, Nicolas Jacques Pelletier adalah korban pertama guillotine. Secara total, pada Revolusi Perancis puluhan ribu orang dieksekusi menggunakan alat ini. Di Paris sendiri saja diperkirakan 40.000 orang dibunuh dengan guillotine, antara lain Raja Louis XVI dan istrinya Marie Antoinette.

Guillotine dirancang untuk melaksanakan sebuah eksekusi semanusiawi mungkin dengan menghalangi sakit sebanyak mungkin. Terdakwa disuruh tidur tengkurap dan leher ditaruh di antara dua balok kayu di mana di tengah ada lubang tempat jatuhnya pisau. Pada ketinggian 7 meter, pisau dijatuhkan oleh algojo dan kepala terdakwa jatuh di sebuah keranjang di depannya.

Joseph Ignace Guillotin

Pemenggalan kepala dengan guillotine hanya berlangsung beberapa detik saja. Pendapat para dokter pada masa itu yang berkata bahwa orang baru kehilangan kesadarannya setelah 30 detik, dihiraukan. Menurut pendapat para dokter modern, otak seseorang maksimal hanya bisa sadar selama 10 detik saja.

Eksekusi dengan guillotine kala itu menjadi tontonan umum, tetapi kemudian guillotine ditaruh di dalam penjara karena dianggap kejam. Terdakwa terakhir yang dihukum mati dengan alat ini adalah Hamida Djandoubi. Ia dieksekusi di Marseille pada tanggal 10 September 1977.

Kuburan-kuburan Unik Lintas Budaya di Indonesia

Makam Dayak Benuaq – Kalimantan Timur

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Berkunjung ke kampung suku dayak Benuaq ataupun suku dayak Bentian pedalaman Kalimantan Timur. Kuburan akan mudah ditemukan halaman samping atau tepi jalan menuju kampung orang Dayak Benuaq. Kuburan orang Benuaq atau Bentian tidak didalam taah seperti layaknya suku lain.ketika pertama meninggal mereka akan dimakamkan didalam kotak yang di sangga oleh tiang atau di gantung pada tali. kemudian setelah beberapa tahun kuburan itu dibuka lagi lalu tulang belulang si mati di doakan lalu di masukan kedalam kotak bertiang yang permanent. biasanya tiap keluarga mempunyai kuburannya masing-masing dan kebanyakan letaknya disamping rumah keluarga, tidak dipekuburan umum seperti kebanyakan di kota atau kampung lain.

Hampir tiap malam terdengar musik pemanggil arwah orang yang sedang mengadakan upacara Beliatn tarian dan mantra penyembuhan untuk anak ataupun untuk mendoakan orang meninggal

Batu lemo - Tana Toraja

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Tempat pekuburan atau persemayaman jenazah berbentuk lubang-lubang pada dinding cadas. Tempat ini merupakan hasil kreasi manusia Toraja yang luar biasa. Bagaimana tidak, persemayaman yang telah ada sejak abad ke-16 itu dibuat dengan cara memahat. Saat itu, tentu dengan peralatan yang sangat sederhana. Lemo terletak di desa (lembang) Lemo. Sekitar 12 kilometer sebelah selatan Rantepao atau enam kilometer sebelah utara Makale.

Dinamai Lemo karena beberapa model liang batu itu berbentuk bundar dan berbintik-bintik menyerupai buah jeruk atau limau. Kuburan-kuburan batu itu disebut juga sebagai liang paa'.

Ada 75 lubang pada dinding cadas. Beberapa di antaranya memiliki patung-patung berjajar yang disebut tau-tau. Patung-patung itu adalah lambang kedudukan sosial, status, dan peran mereka semasa hidup sebagai bangsawan setempat.

Obyek ini ramai dikunjungi sejak tahun 1960. Selain menyaksikan kuburan batu, wisatawan juga dapat membeli berbagai sovenir atau berjalan jalan sekitar obyek tersebut menyaksikan buah buah pangi yang ranum kecoklatan. Buah-buah itu siap diolah dan dimakan sebagai makanan khas suku Toraja yang di sebut pantollo pamarrasan.

Kuburan bayi kambira - Tana Toraja

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Di Kambira masih di wilayah Tana Toraja ada kuburan bayi, berupa pohon besar yang dilubangi, jenazah si bayi setelah dibalsem dan dibungkus , lalu dimasukkan ke dalamnya dan lobang ditutup dengan anyaman ijuk.

Batu Karang Terjal Londa – Tana Toraja

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kuburan sisi karang terjal adalah salah satu sisi dari kuburan itu berada di ketinggian dari bukit mempunyai gua yang dalam dimana peti-peti mayat di atur dan di kelompokkan berdasarkan garis keluarga. Disisi lain di balkon.

Trunyan - Bali

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Sebagaimana masyarakat Bali umumnya, Warga Desa Trunyan juga mengenal ngaben, namun ditaruh begitu saja di sebuah areal hutan. Ane disana selama berbulan-bulan.

Mengapa mayat yang menggeletak begitu saja di semak itu tidak menimbulkan bau? Padahal secara alamiah, tetap terjadi penguraian atas mayat-mayat tersebut? Hal inilah yang menjadi daya tarik para wisatawan untuk mengunjungi lokasi wisata ini. Nah, konon sebabnya, di areal hutan tersebut terdapat sebuah pohon yang dikenal bernama Taru Menyan yang bisa mengeluarkan bau harum dan mampu menetralisir bau busuk mayat. Taru berarti pohon, sedang Menyan berarti harum. Pohon Taru Menyan ini, hanya tumbuh di daerah ini. Jadilah Tarumenyan yang kemudian lebih dikenal sebagai Trunyan yang diyakini sebagai asal usul nama desa tersebut.

foto presiden soekarno ketika berorasi

Presiden RI Soekarno sangat terkenal dengan orasinya. tidak hanya terkenal di dalam negeri tapi juga hingga ke luar negeri. ada sebuah cerita yang cukup menarik. "Begitu pandai Bung Karno berpidato sehingga orang pun rela menghentikan pekerjaan yang sedang dilakukan untuk mendengarkan pidato Bung Karno, baik secara langsung maupun lewat pesawat radio. Di sebuah desa terpencil di Jawa Tengah pernah terjadi suatu pesta pernikahan tertunda gara-gara para tamu lebih tertarik mendengarkan pidato Bung Karno yang berapi-api itu.

Bahasa Bung Karno mudah dipahami dan dimengerti masyarakat kebanyakan saat itu. dan yang tidak kalah menariknya adalah susunan kata perkata serta liukan bahasa tubuhnya yang penuh makna mampu menyihir baik yang melihat secara langsung maupun mendengarkannya. kalau istilah saya Bung Karno pandai berpuisi yang mana kata kalimat yang terucap dari beliau penuh isi, terutama puisi-puisi motivasi yang penuh daya ledak membangkitkan rasa optimisme, semangat dan menaikkan harga diri sebuah Bangsa.

Keahlian Bung Karno berpidato ini juga diakui masyarakat Internasional dan di segani di setiap negara yang dikunjunginya. Dengan gayanya yang gagah dan penuh daya, Bung Karno membuat semua orang yang hadir dalam Sidang Umum PBB di New York terkesima. dan Bung Karno adalah pemimpin di dunia satu-satunya  yang berani mendobrak protokoler sidang PBB, di mana ketika berpidato didampingi ajudannya. Tak hanya itu, dalam setiap kunjungan ke luar negeri, pidato Bung Karno selalu menarik perhatian  masyarakat setempat. Selanjutnya silahkan melihat sebagian foto-foto Bung Karno ketika berorasi.

Soros Back in the News

Yet again. It seems that almost every day Soros is in the news, and its always something that a Bible loving Christian would be opposed to - or for that matter, anyone who embraces freedom would also be opposed to the actions of Mr Soros. Today is no exception:

Libya bombing an attempt to create "New World Order"?

The author of a military doctrine used by the Obama administration to justify the recent airstrikes targeting the regime of Moammar Gadhafi in Libya recently advocated for a "global rebalancing" and "international redistribution" to create a "New World Order."

The author, Ramesh Thakur, is a fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation, which is in partnership with an economic institute founded by philanthropist billionaire George Soros. Thakur is also closely tied with other Soros-funded initiatives.

WND was first to report last week that Soros is also a primary funder and key proponent of the global organization that promotes the military doctrine "Responsibility to Protect," cited by the White House as allowing the use of force to attack Gadhafi's forces.

Mr Soros' tentacles reach very wide and deep - in fact it seems that everywhere you turn, you find a radical organization that is funded by Soros. Additionally, this new doctrine "Responsibility to Protect" is being cited as the cornerstone of our policy right now.

One HAS to wonder, with Mr Soros hatred of Israel, how long before this "doctrine" is used as an excuse to send in military troops against Israel in the efforts to "save" the "Palestinians"? Would this idea really seem like a stretch?

The joint U.S. and international air strikes targeting Libya are widely regarded as a test of Responsibility to Protect – a set of principles, now backed by the United Nations, based on the idea that sovereignty is not a privilege but a responsibility that can be revoked if a country is accused of "war crimes," "genocide," "crimes against humanity" or "ethnic cleansing."

If you look at the terms in quotations above, you can quickly realize that all of these terms have been used against Israel.

The term "war crimes" has at times been indiscriminately used by various U.N.-backed international bodies, including the International Criminal Court, or ICC, which applied it to Israeli anti-terror operations in the Gaza Strip. There has been fear the ICC could be used to prosecute U.S. troops.

Now WND has learned that Thakur, one of the principal authors of and original commissioners of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine," argued recently for a global realignment.

In a piece last March in the Ottawa Citizen newspaper, "Toward a new world order," Thakur wrote, "Westerners must change lifestyles and support international redistribution."

Thakur's International Governance Innovation Centre is in partnership with the Institute for New Economic Thinking, or INET, for which Soros is a founding sponsor.

The philanthropist agreed to provides $25 million over five years to support INET activities.

Remember INET from last week's headlines? This reveals the efforts by Soros to create "A global economic restructuring" according to his views. That's a very scary idea.

The rabbit hole gets even deeper:

Soros' Open Society Institute is one of only three nongovernmental funders of the Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect. Government sponsors include Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, Rwanda and the U.K.

Board members of the group include former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan, former Ireland President Mary Robinson and South African activist Desmond Tutu. Robinson and Tutu have recently made solidarity visits to the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip as members of a group called The Elders, which includes former President Jimmy Carter.

Annan once famously stated, "State sovereignty, in its most basic sense, is being redefined – not least by the forces of globalization and international co-operation. States are ... instruments at the service of their peoples and not vice versa."

And doesn't everything (these days) always come back to the epicenter?

Soros is on the executive board of the International Crisis Group, a "crisis management organization" for which Evans serves as president-emeritus.

WND previously reported how the group has been petitioning for the U.S. to normalize ties with the Muslim Brotherhood, the main opposition in Egypt, where longtime U.S. ally Hosni Mubarak was recently toppled.

...the crisis group has also petitioned for the Algerian government to cease "excessive" military activities against al-Qaida-linked groups and to allow organizations seeking to create an Islamic state to participate in the Algerian government.

Soros' own Open Society Institute has funded opposition groups across the Middle East and North Africa, including organizations involved in the current chaos.

Soros is someone to watch closely. It could be, in a prophetic sense, that Soros ultimate game is to use these new policies as a method to go after Israel - any such action would be completely consistent with everything he has said and done to this point. As stated before, it seems obvious that Mr Soros will have a big role to play in end times prophecy. We shall see.

And in a somewhat related article, we see this:

Purging God From America 'by design'?

A leading Christian historian told WND he believes President Obama is engaged in a pattern of "willfully, deliberately" repudiating America's Christian heritage.

As WND reported, Obama has been caught numerous times – seven, by WND columnist Chuck Norris' count – omitting the phrase "endowed by their Creator" when quoting the Declaration of Independence and misquoting the national motto "In God We Trust" in official White House communication.

"The first time or two I thought, 'Well, he's flustered, he wasn't thinking.' But seven times? There's no way. Especially when he was called on it," Barton said. "Congressmen sent him a letter challenging him on it. There's no way it's matter of ignorance or slip or excuse at that point. I believe it's by design and by intent.

Barton, head of Wallbuilders, an organization dedicated to presenting America's moral, religious and constitutional foundations, said unlike previous presidents – notably Founders like Washington and Adams – who publicly proclaimed God's hand in America, Obama has been going out of his way to not acknowledge the Almighty.

Any examples of this? Absolutely:

"You remember when he spoke at Georgetown, he had them cover the Christian symbols [behind him on the stage]?" Barton asked. "There's a pattern. When he misstates the national motto, it's not just the Declaration omission of 'their Creator.' When he became president, one of the first things that happened on the White House website was they took off the faith-based office

The Declaration of Independence states: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

But when Obama omits "by their Creator," Barton explained, it reflects a fundamental shift in political thought, away from the Founders' vision of a government protecting God-given rights toward a nation creating government-given rights.

"These omissions and inaccuracies are a part of a larger pattern we are seeing with the president where he is inaccurately reflecting America and undercutting important parts of our nation's history," said Forbes. "Trust in God is embedded in the fabric of society and history in the United States.

"If we allow these threads to be pulled, we will begin to unravel the very freedoms that birthed America," he said.

Headlines for a day

Netanyahu to Abbas: You can't have peace with both Israel and Hamas

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu warned Monday that reconciliation between the Palestinian Authority and Hamas could spell the end of the peace process, after an aide to Mahmoud Abbas said that the Palestinian president would be willing to give up U.S. aid if needed to secure unity with the rival faction.

Israel threatens unilateral steps of UN recognizes Palestinian State

Israel informed the 15 members of the United Nations Security Council last week, as well as several other prominent European Union countries, that if the Palestinian Authority persists in its efforts to gain recognition in September as a state within the 1967 borders, Israel would respond with a series of unilateral steps of its own.

Jordan teetering on civil war, local analysis say

Jordan's social cohesion is quickly unraveling, local experts warn, following violent demonstrations in the kingdom and an obtuse government response to public demands for change. Prime Minister Al-Bakhit blamed the Muslim Brotherhood for instigating the violence in Friday's demonstration in an attempt to undermine the authority of the state

Energized Muslim Brotherhood in Libya eyes a prize

The prominent member of the Muslim Brotherhood now lives in London, and anticipates the group could become an important player in a post-Gadhafi environment.
As in Egypt and Tunisia, the Brotherhood in Libya has been energized by the sudden upheaval sweeping the Arab world.

Palestinian leader would choose Hamas over US

Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas, widely hailed as a pro-Western liberal, would drop his relationship wth the US in order to reconcile with the Islamic terrorist organization Hamas.
That according to Azzam Ahmed, a top advisor to Abbas.

“Abbas has to choose whether he wants peace with Israel, or peace with Hamas,” an Israeli government official told The Jerusalem Post. “He can’t have both. If he chooses peace with Hamas, it will bury the peace process.”

Obama's Libyan strategy: Recipe for a deeper lengthier US military role

Despite protestations to the contrary, DEBKAfile’s military and intelligence sources find the American role in the operation against Muammar Qaddafi heading only one way: Instead of a transition “in a few days” to NATO i.e. Europe - which US President Barack Obama will no doubt reiterate when he addresses the nation Tuesday, March 29 - the United States is sliding deeper day by day into a third war in a Muslim country.

Libya: A war only the bad guys can win?

In all of these struggles, little if anything is said about the protection of the rights of non-Arab or non-Muslim minorities. What is at stake is the place of Islam as the dominant factor in these respective societies.

Should Gaddafi fall, and the other states at risk also collapse, several new Islamic entities will join the Islamic Republic of Iran in an assault on the West in general, and the Great Satan - the United States - in particular. Oil will bring money which will buy arms and encourage more recruits.

Saving 1 Billion People from Themselves

The West is almost as in love with improving the world, as the Muslim world is with conquering it. These two contradictory impulses, the missionary and the warrior, intersect in the Clash of Civilizations. The Muslim world has two approaches to the West, underhanded deceit and outright terror. The former are considered moderates and the latter extremists.

San Diego Hills, Kuburan Termegah Di Asia

Kompleks pemakaman di Karawang Barat, sangatlah mewah. Di tempat itu tidak terlihat seperti kuburan pada umumnya . Walaupun ada, batu nisan itu ditaruh dalam posisi tertidur sehingga hanya pundukan tanah yang membedakan kalau itu kuburan. Tempat pemakaman mewah itu bernama San Diego Hills.











Fasilitas yang ditawarkan San Diego Hills sangat fantastis, begitu pula dengan harganya. Harga lahan makam yang ditawarkan oleh San Diego Hills, cukup bervariasi. Harga termurah sebesar Rp 8 juta per lobang makam hingga termahal seharga Rp 30 juta per meter persegi (bukan per lobang makam), khusus di kawasan yang dianggap lebih indah. Wah wah wah luar biasa kan







Pemakaman ini dilengkapi dengan restoran bintang lima, fasilitas kolam renang, lapangan basket, lapangan bola, jogging track, olahraga bersepeda. Juga ada taman rerumputan yang indah untuk melangsungkan acara atau pertunjukan ruang, florist dan giftshop, dan toko. Bangunan dan fasilitas ini berada dekat danau buatan raksasa seluas 8 hektar

Mengintip Air Terjun Iguazu yang eksotis

Inilah air terjun Iguazu. Air terjun ini berasal dari Sungai Iguazu yang terletak di perbatasan Brasil, Paraguay dan Argentina. Volume air terjun ini meningkat seiring datang musim hujan.Air terjun Iguazu merupakan salah satu air terjun terbesar di dunia ,Air terjun ini menjadi salah satu tempat wisata yang banyak dikunjungi wisatawan dari berbagai negara.